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Cells were subsequently treated with varying concentrations of H 2 O 2 (020 M), CaCl 2 (02 mM), TNF- (0100 ng/mL), and IL-22 (0100 ng/mL)
The above compounds also induced glucose stimulated insulin secretion activity in rat INS-1 pancreatic -cells as well as increasing insulin receptor substrate-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- expression [62]
The antioxidant mechanisms of GPS, including the activation of the Nrf2 pathway and direct free radical scavenging, are pivotal in shielding liver cells from oxidative damage induced by CCl4