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Minireview: the glucagons-like peptide

Alexander Voss, PhD Former Research Associate, European Peptide Institute Dr

Some studies also point to direct benefits for cardiac contractility and protection against oxidative stress in the heart

Despite the controversies about the expression of GLP-1R in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, studies have shown that GLP-1RAs have anti-proliferative effects on these cells, and also reduced oxidative stress and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) (137, 138)

Understanding these differences helps researchers set realistic expectations and develop management strategies before problems arise